"Normally," I'm still pretty much always for betting into the raiser, whether with probe bet or closer to full pot.
But I do think there are also situations for the check-raise. Basically, I think the looser the raiser, the more inclined you should be to check-raise as long as they'll still make a continuation bet. Actually, if the raiser is to your immediate left and the pot is multi-way, this can get you a pretty decent pot if someone else hits.
Often, no one at the table respects this kind of raiser, so you may even get a call or a raise before it gets back to you.
So, essentially, I'm saying that if you expect the raiser to have very little but to make a continuation bet, then the check-raise is a good option.
For probe bets vs. close to full pot, I think you need to look at the board as well as the raiser and your own history of playing with this raiser. Basically, you want to get raised here, and I find that most raisers have trouble with that if you bet full pot into them.
One other note on the check-raise: You need a REALIABLE continuation bet. You really don't want it checked all the way around. It's not an absolute disaster with a set, since you have drawing chances on the river against anything but an overset. But you also haven't built any kind of pot if it gets checked all the way around.