1. What are good amounts of raise/ reraise to prevent setting with a big pair? (percentage of stack or pot ?)

I had someone call a full stack with 33 today. Against that guy there is no good bet to prevent setting only hoping your hand holds up. You can make it losing play by denying them 7:1 to 9:1 implied odds preflop.

I wouldn't worry about it too much and just raise 4x the big blind and add a buck per limper with AA or KK. If the pot is raised before you, take into account your holdings and the tight vs. looseness of the raiser and act accordingly. If you hold a very strong hand such as AA and it has been called in two spots between you might try making it the current pot size + the size of the raise.

You really do want small pairs calling you preflop, you will win more than you lose if you don't get married to the big pair and control the pot.

2. When face with a raise, how deep does the raiser's stack have to been before connectors have some value?

That depends on the raiser. Some people will go broke with TT when it is an over pair, those guys need less money than someone that will not. The general rule is that it is 5-10% of their or your stack. I like getting 15:1 to implied to call with a suited connector as it is more conservative and you won't always get paid off if you hit a flush, however you might get paid big on a harder to see straight and sometimes you will get called when doing something noble like pushing on an open ended straight flush draw and miss.

3. What are the amounts to bet on the flop when faced with 4out, 8out, 9 out, or 10+ out draws?

Do you mean you hold the draw?
Much of this depends. I bet gutshots when I'm stealing, but don't really consider four outs a lot. Everything else you are semibluffing, and I bet it like I would a made hand at 2/3 pot on the flop, whether I continue is a function of who called and if a turn bet will stop the action or likely be called.

If I have a made hand and am protecting against the draw, I bet about 2/3 to full pot on the flop, whichever I think will be most likely to succeed or control the pot vs. a calling station while giving bad odds.

I recommend reading TJ Cloutier's NL Championship Holdem.

It's a great way to start learning about what hands to play, how much to bet, etc etc.